This condition is unique as the histopathological features resemble actinobacillus equuli infection in foal. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The etiologic agent, actinobacillus suis, is only now being studied in detail. Start studying pseudomonas, the actinomycetes and actinobacillus. These organisms have mainly been isolated from the reproductive and intestinal tracts of pigs and in most cases have been. The aim of this study was to improve the definition and identification of a group of veterinarily important bacteria referred to as the pasteurella aerogenespasteurella mairiiactinobacillus rossii complex. A hemolytic variant of actinobacillus equuli causing an acute septicemia in a foal. The organisms are capable of infecting cattle and other domestic animals and, rarely, are associated with human infection.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae app iowa state university. We describe the isolation of actinobacillus equuli from the blood of a 53yearold butcher with septicemia. These chronic lesions were similar to those of the well known actinomycosis, and both infections yielded small granules in the pus. Comparison of two adjuvants in an experimental actinobacillus equuli vaccine in horses authors. Should your horse be infected with actinobacillus equuli, your veterinarian may recommend treatment with one of the following. Actinobacillosis is a specific infectious disease caused by a gramnegative coccibacilli belonging to the genus actinobacillus. We describe the isolation of actinobacillus equuli from the blood of a 53yearold butcher. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae grows on blood agar supplemented with nad or v factor. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Actinobacillus ureae article about actinobacillus ureae.
In the united states, app was first reported in 1957. It has many strains due to differences in their lipopolysaccharides lps, which are known as o antigens and are referred to as o1,o2 and o3 and capsules cps, refered to as k antigen with variants described as k1, k2 and k3. Pdf septicemia and peritonitis due to actinobacillus equuli. Actinobacillus ureae article about actinobacillus ureae by. Actinobacillus definition and meaning collins english. Actinobacillus definition of actinobacillus by the free. Molecular analysis, based on 16s rrna, rpob and infb gene sequences, placed the isolates as. Actinobacillus equuli as a primary pathogen in breeding. Foals are thought to be directly infected by the mare through the mouth or respiratory tract during or immediately following birth. Actinobacillosis is caused by the bacterium actinobacillus suis.
Colonies are small, sticky and adherent to the agar surface. Manual of determinative bacteriology, the genus actinobacillus included the 11. This factor can also be supplemented by a nurse staphyloccocus sp. Members of the genus actinobacillus are small, gramnegative, pleomorphic, coccobacillary rods that are facultatively anaerobic, indole negative, galactosidase and urease positive and reduce nitrates olsen and moller, 2004a. Reclassification of equine isolates previously reported as actinobacillus equuli, variants of a. Serofibrinous arthritis, cerebral oedema, enlarged cerebral ventricles and multiple renal microabscesses were found at pm examination. Actinobacillus ross, actinobacillus equuli, and actinobacillus suis have been reported in cases of metritis, abortion, low number of viable pigs at birth, and decreased litter weights. The isolates are distinct, based on both phenotype and genotype, from any previously described actinobacillus species. Actinobacillus equuli definition of actinobacillus equuli. The bacteria are facultatively anaerobic or aerobic, capable of fermenting carbohydrates without production of gas, and of reducing nitrates. Actinobacillosis refers to a group of diseases caused by gramnegative coccobacilli in the genus actinobacillus.
It is a gramnegative, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nadindependent, non. Actinobacillus is a genus of gramnegative, nonmotile and nonsporeforming, oval to rodshaped bacteria occurring as parasites or pathogens in mammals, birds, and reptiles. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae bacteria can survive in a mucus covered environment outside of the pig, but if it is exposed to the open, the bacteria are quickly killed by environmental conditions. Actinobacillosis is caused by a systemic bacteria that affects many farms that have high health issues causing arthritis, pneumonia, or skin discoloration in animals of all ages. First human case of meningitis and sepsis in a child caused. Actinobacillus species in animal disease 19 cosis in man where it was considered as a secondary pathogen klinger, 1912. Actinobacillosis in freeranging snowshoe hares lepus americanus from. Cowan and steels manual for the identification of medical bacteria, 2nd ed. Misdiagnosis of the disease as actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae app infection or other septicemias likely contributes to underreporting of the true prevalence of the disease.
Actinobacillus suis, actinobacillus equuli, nephritis, swine. Cases of arthritis, endocarditis, orchitis, periorchitis, abortion. Septicemia and peritonitis due to actinobacillus equuli. Actinobacillus suis an overview sciencedirect topics. Recently, actinobacillus equuli was associated with death of over 300 sows in a period of 2 months in a swine farm in manitoba, canada thompson et al 2010. Pdf actinobacillus equuli is a rare cause of peritonitis in adult horses. The disease affects suckling, weanling and fattening pigs, and adult pigs and it is thought that it colonises piglets within the first three weeks of life. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a typical cause of periodontitis but it may also be related to systemic infections and arterial plaques. Actinobacillus genus and consequently change the nomenclature from h. The aim of this study was to improve the definition and identification of a group of veterinarily important bacteria referred to as the pasteurella aerogenespasteurella mairii actinobacillus rossii complex. A series of nine overlapping recombinant phage clones carrying the gene for this 110kd antigen were identified using affinitypurified.
These organisms have mainly been isolated from the reproductive and intestinal tracts of pigs and in most cases have been considered as opportunistic pathogens. A genus of gramnegative, immotile and nonsporeforming, oval to rodshaped, often pleomorphic bacteria which occur as parasites or pathogens in mammals including. May 2004 selectivemediaweredeveloped andevaluatedforisolationof a. Actinobacillosis is a zoonotic disease caused by actinobacillus it is more commonly associated with animals than with humans.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans occurs in the human oral microflora, and together with anaerobic or capnophilic organisms may cause endocarditis and suppurative lesions in the upper alimentary tract. Neutralizing antisera to the leukotoxin secreted by pasteurella haemolytica neutralized the hemolysin of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and recognized a 110kd antigen in cell free culture supernatants from this organism. This species of the genus actinobacillus is primarily associated with animals and animal diseases, especially septicemia in foals. Actinobacillus equuli, a gramnegative, rodshaped bacterium that naturally occurs as a commensal on the mucosal membranes of adult horses, is commonly the cause of fatal septicemia in newborn foals 16. Sep 10, 2010 actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a typical cause of periodontitis but it may also be related to systemic infections and arterial plaques.
Actinobacillus equuli in a foal first report in israel. Biochemical morphological characterization ofthe killing. Deposited as actinobacillus equuli van straaten haupt. Macconkey agar actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans defibrinated sheep blood. Porcine pleuropneumonia ppp caused by the gramnegative bacteria actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae app occurs throughout the world. The aim of this study was to improve the definition and identification of a group of veterinarily important bacteria referred to as the pasteurella aerogenes pasteurella mairii actinobacillus rossii complex. Pseudomonas, the actinomycetes and actinobacillus flashcards. Only quite recently has its role in periodontal disease become fully appreciated. Ministry of agriculture of the republic of serbia, beograd. Emended description of porcine pasteurella aerogenes.
A retrospective study of equine actinobacillosis cases. Tamara gull department of veterinary pathobiology abstract actinobacillus equuli is a gramnegative bacterium that causes sleepy foal disease in neonatal foals. Actinobacilli are susceptible to most antibiotics of the. Actinobacillus equuli definition of actinobacillus. A previous visit to a farm was suspected as the source of infection. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Actinobacillus definition of actinobacillus by the. Although there are 22 different bacterial species in this genus, only four a pleuropneumoniae, a suis, a equuli, and a lignieresii are frequently associated with disease in animals. Overview of actinobacillosis generalized conditions. Identification was performed by matrixassisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry and realtime pcr assay. Actinobacillus lignieresi article about actinobacillus. Actinobacillus suis and actinobacillus equuli, emergent. It is rather well controlled in the united states and canada, however ppp remains a major concern in many latinamerican, asian and european countries. Actinobacillosis in horses symptoms, causes, diagnosis. First human case of meningitis and sepsis in a child. Cloning and characterization of a hemolysin gene from. Overview of actinobacillosis generalized conditions merck. The most prominent symptom is the swelling of the tongue that protrudes from the mouth and is very hard at palpation wooden tongue. Actinobacillus equuli as a primary pathogen in breeding sows.
Actinobacillus seminis definition of actinobacillus seminis. Most species are nonhemolytic on blood agar, however colonies of actinobacillus suis on sheep blood agar is always surrounded by a clearly marked zone of hemolysis. Pdf we describe the isolation of actinobacillus equuli from the blood of a 53 yearold butcher with. The pattern of the inflammatory process corresponded to multifocal embolic nephritis. Ten strains of an actinobacillus like organism were isolated from alpaca vicugna pacos in the uk over a period of 5 years, with no known epidemiological linkages. In standard experiments thisconsistedofa3hincubationinthepresenceof10 mgoftoxin perml. Porcine pleuropneumonia ppp caused by actinobacillus. App quickly colonizes the host animal, first by attaching to the epithelial cells of the tonsils and then moving to the lower respiratory tract. Frequency of outbreaks increased with the industrialization of swine production. In 1918, an organism resembling actinobacillus was reported from pneumonia in calves smith, 1918. The isolation of actinobacillus equuli from equine abortion we wish to record the isolation of actinobucillus equuli from a foetus aborted by a i3yearold mare at 5 months and 24 days o her 6th pregnancy. Diagnosis can be difficult as its clinical signs are similar to other pathogens, such as streptococcus suis and haemophilus parasuis, which also cause septicaemic infection and sudden death. Actinobacillus suis y actinobacillus equuli, patogenos.
Actinobacillosis swine diseases manual pig333, pig to. We report the first human case of meningitis and sepsis caused in a child by actinobacillus suis or a. Actinobacillusspecies and their role in animal disease. The bacteria are facultatively aerobic or anaerobic, capable of fermenting carbohydrates without production of gas, and of. Treatment of actinobacillosis in horses once your veterinarian has diagnosed your horse, treatment will be prescribed based on the type of actinobacillus infection.
Actinobacillus suis and actinobacillus equuli, emergent pathogens of septic embolic nephritis, a new challenge for the swine industry. Actinobacillus equuli is a small, nonmotile, gramnegative rod. The most prominent symptom is the swelling of the tongue that protrudes from the mouth and is very hard at palpation wooden. Metritis, valvular endocarditis, and septicemia by. The other actinobacillus species colonize animals, which can act as a reservoir for opportunistic human infections. Actinobacillus medical definition merriamwebster medical. One of the most common forms seen by veterinarians is mouth actinobacillosis of cattle, due to actinobacillus lignieresii. Actinobacillus suis can cause similar disease and lesions but is not as contagious as actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae app.
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