One of the most important rosa species is damask rose rosa damascena mill. Chemical composition of essential oil from rosa damascena. The oil compares favourably in composition to bulgarian oil9. Ram swaroop verma, rajendra chandra padalia and amit chauhan central institute of medicinal and aromatic plants cimapcsir, research centre, pantnagar, p. Cost components were calculated on the basis of prevailing market prices of inputs and outputs. Agaoglu ankara university, faculty of agriculture, ankara, turkey abstract rose is cultivated for ornamental and its different industrial products. Chemical variation in the essential oil of iranian rosa. Variations in floral characteristics and scent composition.
Rosa x damascena is a deciduous shrub growing to 1. Economics of rosa damascena in isparta, turkey 659 rose and rose oil have been historically used in the anatolian territory all along. Phytochemical investigation of flowers of rosa damascena mill mohammed ali, shahnaz sultana and mohammed jameel abstract rosa damascena mill. Because rose is a popular garden plant, it is virtually impossible to determine the number of currently existing cultivars. Saudi arabia is also known for its cultivation of the rare taif rose, a subspecies of rosa damascena rosa x damascena trigintipetala for rose oil and rose water fragrantica, source, 20. Rose oil industry and the production of oil rose rosa damascena mill. The rose is known for its vivid pink or white and pink bicolor blooms. Further dna analysis has shown that a third species, rosa fedtschenkoana, is associated with the damask rose. Issn volatile oil composition of rosa damascena mill.
This report traces the historical literature on the development of the damask rose industry. It is believed that the damask rose has originated from damascus and introduced in european over the last 300 years the largest integrated growing area for roses has been developed in central bulgaria at the foot of balkan mountains. The rose is an ornamental shrub with upright or climbing stem. Rosa damascena semperflorens rose list of retail, wholesale and mailorder nurseries and suppliers. With power and grace, rosa damascena, commonly called the damask rose as a nod to its syrian origins, speaks a universal. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. Herbal substances binomial scientific name of the plant, including plant part rosa gallica l. The plant is a rounded shrub with sharp thorns and. The effects of storage temperature and duration on essential oil content and composition oil rose rosa damascena mill. The seeds were extracted from the mature fruits of rosa damascena mill.
Before the sun crests the horizon in bulgaria, workers can be found in fields harvesting the delicate bloom of the rosa damascena. The damask rose is only known from cultivation and its exact origin is not known. Rosa damascena, rose oil, industrial cultivation overview of industrial cultivation of oilbearing roses in bulgaria the oil rose rosa damascena mill. Rosa damascena, rosaceae, gcms, damask rose, fragrance. Introduction rosa genus, belonging to the rosaceae family, includes 200 species and more than 18,000 cultivars.
As rosa damascena was origi nally introduced from the middle east into western eu rope. Thus, there is a pressing need to extend the cultivation of r. Growing in taif region of saudi arabia khalid hasan alamer and sayed amin mohamed amer1 department of biology, faculty of science, taif university, 888, taif, saudi arabia. Thousands of rose petals are collected in jute bags every day in the city. In india, the ideal time of deriving the cutting is november december. Dec 26, 20 damask rose rosa damascena mill commonly known as damask rose gulab is the most important source of rose products like rose oil, rose concrete, absolute and rose water. Roses can be one of the more profitable flower crops to grow, but also one of the most difficult. The study is based on the data collected from farmers in punjab. Rose oil of commerce is obtained by water distillation of fresh rose flowers of rosa damascena which is a cultivated species.
Rosa damascena stock photos download 514 royalty free photos. It begins with a sadly sparse fossil and archaeologic record and continues to the present. Its scientific name is rosa x damascena rosa damascena. Damask rose rosa damascena mill commonly known as damask rose gulab is the most important source of rose products like rose oil, rose concrete, absolute and rose water. Rosaceae has been appreciated for decorative, fragrance, cosmetics, food and folklore medicines to treat abdominal and chest pains, menstrual bleeding, digestive problems. The cultivation of roses for many purposes has been widespread in temperate.
Its origin was by tradition the middle east, but recent genetic tests indicate that it is a hybrid of r. Furthermore, there are hundredleaved roses rosa centifolia, most popular in provence, which derived from rosa gallica by hybridization with another type, probably alba. Cultivation and rose oil industry in turkey published in euro cosmetics 14 6. Damask roses tend to have rangy to sprawling growth habits and strongly scented blooms. Antibacterial activity of rosa damascena petal extracts against the fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila vasanthakumar d. Along with rose oil, our company is focused on the production of rose damascena concrete and absolute. Three varieties of rose are used in commercial production of rose oil and rose water. Rosa damascena anatolian rose production written in 20012002 by butch owen past owner of appalachian valley natural products part 1 the information below is the opinion of this writer. Originally from the syrian capital damascus, it is highly sought after for its many therapeutic properties.
Phytochemical investigation of flowers of rosa damascena mill. The delicate rose petals are handpicked before sunrise. Economics of rosa damascena in isparta, turkey abstract. Dairy farm nagla, udham singh nagar, uttarakhand 263149, india. Understanding cropecology and agronomy of rosa damascena for. The bulgarian rosa damascena is widely known because of its strong and sensual scent. Damask rose, rosa damascena, herbal medicine, serum enzymes introduction rosa damascena mill, commonly known as damask rose, is mainly cultivated worldwide for the production of rose essential oil. It is also grown as an ornamental plant and for production of rose water and attar of roses widrlechner, 1981. As rosa damascena was originally introduced from the middle east into western europe. Pg and research department of zoology, government arts college autonomous, coimbatore, tamil nadu, india. In stating that the italians, french, and germans called this rose rosa damascena, from a belief that it came from damascus, monardes was confusing the damask rose with the musk rose, r. A study of 40 accessions, both cultivated and wild, from 28 provinces of iran, identified nine genotypes and the authors argue that this shows iran to be the centre of diversity for the damask rose. Rose cultivation for rose oil is centered in isparta, in the sw of turkey, just back from the coast, and. One of the most important rosa species is rosa damascena mill.
Bulgarias rose valley and rosa damascena the bulgarian rose. The petals are soaked in the solvent hexane which extracts the essential oil. The rose flowers were harvested in 2016 in the vicinity of the town of vidin northwest bulgaria in the stage of flowering in two. Rosa damascena mill that is one of the important species of rosa is used for essential oil production. Root initiation starts after 3 months of planting of cutting, and the sprouted cuttings get.
The extract produced a dosedependent reduction of the onset and duration of pentobarbitoneinduced. Our 100% pure and natural damask rose absolute is obtained from rosa damascene, commonly called damask rose. It is estimated that more than 50kgs of these petals are needed for producing about 10ml of attar. Roses, clematis and peonies and everything gardening related. The bulgarian and taif rose flowers are known for the production of high quality rose essential oils 4. The industry successfully passed in the 21st century becoming more open and dynamic. Cultivation and processing of essential oil bearing plant and medicinal plants have over the years created a central area in the global agribusiness with an estimated annual growth rate of 710 % thomas et al. Rosa damascena, more commonly known as the damask rose, is a small shrub with thorny stems.
A study of 40 accessions, both cultivated and wild, from 28 provinces of iran, identified nine genotypes and the authors argue that this shows iran to be the centre of diversity for the damask rose babaei et al 2007. It is distributed in china, india, middle east, north america and europe and cultivated in different countries around the world. Introduction the rose is one of the oldest flowers in cultivation and most popular of all garden flowers. Rosa is a genus of about 200 species, widely distributed in asia, europe, north africa, north america, and the cold temperate to subtropical regions. The main industrial products from oilbearing rose are rose oil, rose. It is thought that cultivation of rosa damascena originally developed in the lyzangan valley near fars in iran kiani et al 2008. Shah college of pharmacy, sndt womens university, santacruzw, mumbai400049. The ethanolic extract of the flowering tops of rosa damascena rosaceae was assessed for effect on the central nervous system cns using a number of neuropharmacological experimental models in mice. Based on article 16d1, article 16f and article 16h of directive 200183ec as amended traditional use draft. Phytochemical analysis, invitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of flower petals of rosa damascena tatke p1, satyapal us1, mahajan dc1, naharwar v2 1c. Organically grown climatic conditions in south africa, the rose blossoms of rosa damascena begin to bloom around the end of september to beginning of october, and will continue for three or four weeks depending upon climatic conditions. The leaves are pinnate, with five rarely seven leaflets. Cns depressant effect of the crude ethanolic extract of. It is thought that cultivation of rosa damascena originally developed in the lyzangan valley near fars in iran.
Yield and quality of damask rose rosa damascena mill. The product will vary slightly in colour between these species but the therapeutic benefits are the same. Rose rosa damascena spread out prior to distillation. Abstract the present study depicts the economics of horticultural produce and essential oil distillation of damask rose rosa damascena l. In bulgaria, the cultivation of oil bearing rose was initiated in the 16th century after the expansion of classical methods for propagation the ottoman empire. Baydar and others published oilbearing rose rosa damascena mill. The flora of turkey and the east aegean islands identifies 24 rosa species growing in this region of the world. It probably originated as a hybrid in the anatolian region in turkey, but semiwild plants escapes from cultivation are. These cultivars belong to the damask commercial or horticultural. Rosa genus, belonging to the rosaceae family, includes 200 species and more than 18,000 cultivars gudin, 2000.
The rose plants were cultivated in central bulgaria in the valley of the roses which is between the towns karlovo and kazanlik 350 m elev. However, cultural accumulation regarding rose and rose oil in isparta developed different from general development in anatolia. Abstractthe rose growing and flower processing is a centuriesold industry in bulgaria which was a subject of substantial structural changes during the transitional period from stateruled to market driven economy in the 1990s. We are proud that our production is clean and does not pollute the environment, as the production process is based on steam and watersteam distillation, without the use of any chemical solvents. Scented rosa damascena roses for jam and beauty treatments damask rose rosa x damascena.
Rosa damascena is a temperate plant indigenous to europe and middle east countries of iran and turkey. There are many legends built on the romantic origin of the rose oil. Rosa damascena family rosaceae common names bulgarian rose and damask rose sources there are more than 250 rose species, but the three primarily distilled for rose essential oil are rosa damascena, rosa centifolia, and rosa gallica. History and utilization of rosa damascena springerlink.
Industrial cultivation of oil bearing rose and rose oil. Cost of cultivation for producing an average flower yield. Evaluation, genetic diversity, recent development of distillation. Based on article 16d1, article 16f and article 16h of directive 200183 ec as amended traditional use final. Rose is cultivated for ornamental and its different industrial products. The genus rosa, belonging to the rosaceae family, includes over 200 species gudin 2000. Antibacterial activity of rosa damascena petal extracts. Rose concrete is obtained using fresh blossoms of rosa damascena p. The various arguments to explain the evolution ofrosa. Rosa damascena is a rose hybrid derived from rosa gallica, rosa moschata and rosa fedtschenkoana. Rosa damascena roses for jam and beauty treatments. This report examines one of those roses, the damask rose, rosa damascena. Damask rose flowers or rose of castile in innsbruck, austria.
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